Ever wondered how to cite regulations or unpublished works properly? Well, it’s just as important as citing your regular sources in academic writing. Universities may have their own citation rules, so make sure to check. Luckily, we’ve simplified it with this easy guide to citing in Harvard style.
Table of Contents
- 1: Regulations, Acts and Protocols
- 2: Conferences and Presentations
- 3: Interviews
- 4: Page Numbers and Paragraphs
- 5: Press Release
- 6: Religious Texts
- 7: Dictionaries
- 8: Archived Materials
- 9: Unpublished Works and Personal Communications
- 10: Unpublished Works
- 11: Personal Communications or Discussions
Regulations, Acts, and Protocols
When you’re referencing official regulations or government protocols, it’s important to get the details right.
| Reference | Regulations, Acts, and Protocols |
|---|---|
| Format | Government Agency OR Last name, First Initial., (Year published). Title of Document or Article. City published: Publisher, Page(s) |
| Example | National Department of Tourism, (2014). Bicycle AA Routes. Harrisburg: PENNDOT, p.1 |
Note: Examples are created randomly to explain to you, and they don’t belong to any specific source.
Looking for dissertation help?
Research Prospect to the rescue then!
We have expert writers on our team who are skilled at helping students with dissertations across a variety of disciplines. Guaranteeing 100% satisfaction!
Conferences and Presentations
Citing presentations and conference talks is a great way to back up your arguments with expert insights. Here’s how you can reference these:
| Reference | Conferences and Presentations |
|---|---|
| Format | A surname of the speaker. initial. (Year) Presentation/lecture title. |
| Example | Walker.J. (2019) How to Build New habits |
Interviews
Interviews, especially those with experts, are valuable sources for any academic project. Don’t forget to cite them!
| Reference | Interviews |
|---|---|
| Format | A surname of Interviewer, initial. and a surname of the name of Interviewee, First initial. (Year of Interview). Title or Description of Interview |
| Example | Jaiswal, S. Rana, M.(2018). Business strategies of experts |
How to Cite Page Numbers and Paragraphs?
When using books, always include page numbers to show where you found the information. Here’s the format for citing page numbers in Harvard style:
| In-text citation | Books with a single author |
|---|---|
| Format | Author‘s surname, year of publication, the page number in parenthesis |
| Example | Good writing should be edited until it’s free of unwanted words and phrases, which doesn’t make sense. (Zinsser, 2012, p.12 |
Press Release
Press releases, often published by corporations or government agencies, need a clear reference.
Who is a Corporate Author?
A corporate author can be an agency or organisation that authorises and commissions publications.
| Reference | Press Release |
|---|---|
| Format | Corporate Author (Year published). Title |
| Example | UK Council of Education (2016). Uk’s Educational Institutes |
Note: If you found it online, you can follow this format (Corporate Author, (Year published). Title. [online] Available at URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
Religious Texts
If you’re citing religious texts, you need to follow the proper format to ensure that you’re giving the right credit.
| Reference | Religious Texts |
|---|---|
| Format | Title (Year published). City published: Publisher, pages used |
| Example | Standard Bible (1996). Anaheim: Flourished Publications, Inc, pp.250-265. |
Dictionaries
Dictionaries can be tricky, especially when referencing specific entries. Here’s how to handle it:
| Reference | Dictionaries |
|---|---|
| Format | Author’s surname, First initial. (Year published). Entry title. In: Dictionary Title, Edition. City: Publisher, page. |
| Example | Riches, C & Stalker, P 2016, ‘Russia’, A guide to countries of the world, Oxford University Press, Oxford. |
Archived Materials
Archived materials are the historical data that is used as evidence of past incidents, events that occurred, or studies conducted. These are collected and stored by universities, libraries, historical researchers, organisations, and repositories. Archived materials include documents, manuscripts, diaries, and letters, etc.
| Reference | Archived Materials |
|---|---|
| Format | Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title of the material. [format] Name of the University, library, organization, Collection name, code, or number. City. |
| Example | Jackson, H.(1956).Letter to Louis Jackson.[letter] The Historical Society, Civil Rights Collection. London. |
How to Cite Unpublished Works and Personal Communications?
Can you use the material or information that is not published or available in printed form? While using unpublished work, many people do not realise the importance of acknowledging the sources.
The sources such as unpublished documents and personal communication among friends or colleagues look like common knowledge. However, if you are using the words spoken by others, you need to acknowledge the source’s speaker and author to avoid plagiarism.
Unpublished Works
Sometimes you may have to use a document before it is published, and you may not be able to provide full details of the source. In such situations, you can follow the given format
| Reference | Unpublished book/document |
|---|---|
| Format | Author’s surname, initial. (in press) Title of the document. City: Publication’s name |
| Example | Dorson, J. (in press) A new book that I have written. London: Flourished Press |
Personal Communications or Discussions
When you are using informal personal communication, e.g., letter, email, phone call, or discussion, you should provide as much detail as you can access, including the nature of the conversation. Always take permission before quoting these sources and also retain a copy for reference.
| Reference | Personal Communications or Discussions |
|---|---|
| Format | A surname of the speaker, initial., Year of communication. Title of communication.[mode] (date of communication |
| Example | Brown, S., 2012. Discussion on creative writing. [telephonic conversation] (2 July 2012) |
Frequently Asked Questions
In Harvard style, citing a regulation involves:
- Title of regulation
- Year of publication
- Regulation number (if applicable)
- Regulation source (e.g., official gazette)
- URL (if online) Example: Title of Regulation, Year, Regulation Number, Source, URL.
When citing interviews, make sure to include the interviewer’s name, the interviewee’s name, and the date of the interview. If you can, include the title or subject matter of the interview.
Example:
Jaiswal, S., Rana, M. (2018). Business Strategies of Experts
Yes, you can cite unpublished works like drafts or in-progress papers. Just use the “in press” notation to indicate that the work hasn’t been published yet.
Example:
Dorson, J. (in press). A New Book I Have Written. London: Flourished Press
